5 * Requirements and notes
6 * Optional server requirements
8 * Building and customizing your site
9 * Multisite configuration
12 REQUIREMENTS AND NOTES
13 ----------------------
17 - A web server. Apache (version 2.0 or greater) is recommended.
18 - PHP 5.2.4 (or greater) (http://www.php.net/).
19 - One of the following databases:
20 - MySQL 5.0.15 (or greater) (http://www.mysql.com/).
21 - MariaDB 5.1.44 (or greater) (http://mariadb.org/). MariaDB is a fully
22 compatible drop-in replacement for MySQL.
23 - PostgreSQL 8.3 (or greater) (http://www.postgresql.org/).
24 - SQLite 3.4.2 (or greater) (http://www.sqlite.org/).
26 For more detailed information about Drupal requirements, including a list of
27 PHP extensions and configurations that are required, see "System requirements"
28 (http://drupal.org/requirements) in the Drupal.org online documentation.
30 For detailed information on how to configure a test server environment using a
31 variety of operating systems and web servers, see "Local server setup"
32 (http://drupal.org/node/157602) in the Drupal.org online documentation.
34 Note that all directories mentioned in this document are always relative to the
35 directory of your Drupal installation, and commands are meant to be run from
36 this directory (except for the initial commands that create that directory).
38 OPTIONAL SERVER REQUIREMENTS
39 ----------------------------
41 - If you want to use Drupal's "Clean URLs" feature on an Apache web server, you
42 will need the mod_rewrite module and the ability to use local .htaccess
43 files. For Clean URLs support on IIS, see "Clean URLs with IIS"
44 (http://drupal.org/node/3854) in the Drupal.org online documentation.
46 - If you plan to use XML-based services such as RSS aggregation, you will need
47 PHP's XML extension. This extension is enabled by default on most PHP
50 - To serve gzip compressed CSS and JS files on an Apache web server, you will
51 need the mod_headers module and the ability to use local .htaccess files.
53 - Some Drupal functionality (e.g., checking whether Drupal and contributed
54 modules need updates, RSS aggregation, etc.) require that the web server be
55 able to go out to the web and download information. If you want to use this
56 functionality, you need to verify that your hosting provider or server
57 configuration allows the web server to initiate outbound connections. Most web
58 hosting setups allow this.
63 1. Download and extract Drupal.
65 You can obtain the latest Drupal release from http://drupal.org -- the files
66 are available in .tar.gz and .zip formats and can be extracted using most
69 To download and extract the files, on a typical Unix/Linux command line, use
70 the following commands (assuming you want version x.y of Drupal in .tar.gz
73 wget http://drupal.org/files/projects/drupal-x.y.tar.gz
74 tar -zxvf drupal-x.y.tar.gz
76 This will create a new directory drupal-x.y/ containing all Drupal files and
77 directories. Then, to move the contents of that directory into a directory
78 within your web server's document root or your public HTML directory,
79 continue with this command:
81 mv drupal-x.y/* drupal-x.y/.htaccess /path/to/your/installation
83 2. Optionally, download a translation.
85 By default, Drupal is installed in English, and further languages may be
86 installed later. If you prefer to install Drupal in another language
89 - Download a translation file for the correct Drupal version and language
90 from the translation server: http://localize.drupal.org/translate/downloads
92 - Place the file into your installation profile's translations
93 directory. For instance, if you are using the Standard install profile,
94 move the .po file into the directory:
96 profiles/standard/translations/
98 For detailed instructions, visit http://drupal.org/localize
100 3. Create the Drupal database.
102 Because Drupal stores all site information in a database, you must create
103 this database in order to install Drupal, and grant Drupal certain database
104 privileges (such as the ability to create tables). For details, consult
105 INSTALL.mysql.txt, INSTALL.pgsql.txt, or INSTALL.sqlite.txt. You may also
106 need to consult your web hosting provider for instructions specific to your
109 Take note of the username, password, database name, and hostname as you
110 create the database. You will enter this information during the install.
112 4. Run the install script.
114 To run the install script, point your browser to the base URL of your
115 website (e.g., http://www.example.com).
117 You will be guided through several screens to set up the database, add the
118 site maintenance account (the first user, also known as user/1), and provide
119 basic web site settings.
121 During installation, several files and directories need to be created, which
122 the install script will try to do automatically. However, on some hosting
123 environments, manual steps are required, and the install script will tell
124 you that it cannot proceed until you fix certain issues. This is normal and
125 does not indicate a problem with your server.
127 The most common steps you may need to perform are:
129 a. Missing files directory.
131 The install script will attempt to create a file storage directory in
132 the default location at sites/default/files (the location of the files
133 directory may be changed after Drupal is installed).
135 If auto-creation fails, you can make it work by changing permissions on
136 the sites/default directory so that the web server can create the files
137 directory within it for you. (If you are creating a multisite
138 installation, substitute the correct sites directory for sites/default;
139 see the Multisite Configuration section of this file, below.)
141 For example, on a Unix/Linux command line, you can grant everyone
142 (including the web server) permission to write to the sites/default
143 directory with this command:
145 chmod a+w sites/default
147 Be sure to set the permissions back after the installation is finished!
150 chmod go-w sites/default
152 Alternatively, instead of allowing the web server to create the files
153 directory for you as described above, you can create it yourself. Sample
154 commands from a Unix/Linux command line:
156 mkdir sites/default/files
157 chmod a+w sites/default/files
159 b. Missing settings file.
161 Drupal will try to automatically create a settings.php configuration file,
162 which is normally in the directory sites/default (to avoid problems when
163 upgrading, Drupal is not packaged with this file). If auto-creation fails,
164 you will need to create this file yourself, using the file
165 sites/default/default.settings.php as a template.
167 For example, on a Unix/Linux command line, you can make a copy of the
168 default.settings.php file with the command:
170 cp sites/default/default.settings.php sites/default/settings.php
172 Next, grant write privileges to the file to everyone (including the web
173 server) with the command:
175 chmod a+w sites/default/settings.php
177 Be sure to set the permissions back after the installation is finished!
180 chmod go-w sites/default/settings.php
182 c. Write permissions after install.
184 The install script will attempt to write-protect the settings.php file and
185 the sites/default directory after saving your configuration. If this
186 fails, you will be notified, and you can do it manually. Sample commands
187 from a Unix/Linux command line:
189 chmod go-w sites/default/settings.php
190 chmod go-w sites/default
192 5. Verify that the site is working.
194 When the install script finishes, you will be logged in with the site
195 maintenance account on a "Welcome" page. If the default Drupal theme is not
196 displaying properly and links on the page result in "Page Not Found" errors,
197 you may be experiencing problems with clean URLs. Visit
198 http://drupal.org/getting-started/clean-urls to troubleshoot.
200 6. Change file system storage settings (optional).
202 The files directory created in step 4 is the default file system path used to
203 store all uploaded files, as well as some temporary files created by
204 Drupal. After installation, you can modify the file system path to store
205 uploaded files in a different location.
207 It is not necessary to modify this path, but you may wish to change it if:
209 - Your site runs multiple Drupal installations from a single codebase (modify
210 the file system path of each installation to a different directory so that
211 uploads do not overlap between installations).
213 - Your site runs on a number of web servers behind a load balancer or reverse
214 proxy (modify the file system path on each server to point to a shared file
217 - You want to restrict access to uploaded files.
219 To modify the file system path:
221 a. Ensure that the new location for the path exists and is writable by the
222 web server. For example, to create a new directory named uploads and grant
223 write permissions, use the following commands on a Unix/Linux command
229 b. Navigate to Administration > Configuration > Media > File system, and
230 enter the desired path. Note that if you want to use private file storage,
231 you need to first enter the path for private files and save the
232 configuration, and then change the "Default download method" setting and
235 Changing the file system path after files have been uploaded may cause
236 unexpected problems on an existing site. If you modify the file system path
237 on an existing site, remember to copy all files from the original location
240 7. Revoke documentation file permissions (optional).
242 Some administrators suggest making the documentation files, especially
243 CHANGELOG.txt, non-readable so that the exact version of Drupal you are
244 running is slightly more difficult to determine. If you wish to implement
245 this optional security measure, from a Unix/Linux command line you can use
246 the following command:
248 chmod a-r CHANGELOG.txt
250 Note that the example only affects CHANGELOG.txt. To completely hide all
251 documentation files from public view, repeat this command for each of the
252 Drupal documentation files in the installation directory, substituting the
253 name of each file for CHANGELOG.txt in the example.
255 For more information on setting file permissions, see "Modifying Linux,
256 Unix, and Mac file permissions" (http://drupal.org/node/202483) or
257 "Modifying Windows file permissions" (http://drupal.org/node/202491) in the
258 Drupal.org online documentation.
260 8. Set up independent "cron" maintenance jobs.
262 Many Drupal modules have tasks that must be run periodically, including the
263 Search module (building and updating the index used for keyword searching),
264 the Aggregator module (retrieving feeds from other sites), and the System
265 module (performing routine maintenance and pruning of database tables). These
266 tasks are known as "cron maintenance tasks", named after the Unix/Linux
269 When you install Drupal, its built-in cron feature is enabled, which
270 automatically runs the cron tasks periodically, triggered by people visiting
271 pages of your site. You can configure the built-in cron feature by navigating
272 to Administration > Configuration > System > Cron.
274 It is also possible to run the cron tasks independent of site visits; this is
275 recommended for most sites. To do this, you will need to set up an automated
276 process to visit the page cron.php on your site, which executes the cron
279 The URL of the cron.php page requires a "cron key" to protect against
280 unauthorized access. Your site's cron key is automatically generated during
281 installation and is specific to your site. The full URL of the page, with the
282 cron key, is available in the "Cron maintenance tasks" section of the Status
283 report page at Administration > Reports > Status report.
285 As an example for how to set up this automated process, you can use the
286 crontab utility on Unix/Linux systems. The following crontab line uses the
287 wget command to visit the cron.php page, and runs each hour, on the hour:
289 0 * * * * wget -O - -q -t 1 http://example.com/cron.php?cron_key=YOURKEY
291 Replace the text "http://example.com/cron.php?cron_key=YOURKEY" in the
292 example with the full URL displayed under "Cron maintenance tasks" on the
293 "Status report" page.
295 More information about cron maintenance tasks is available at
296 http://drupal.org/cron, and sample cron shell scripts can be found in the
297 scripts/ directory. (Note that these scripts must be customized like the
298 above example, to add your site-specific cron key and domain name.)
300 BUILDING AND CUSTOMIZING YOUR SITE
301 ----------------------------------
303 A new installation of Drupal defaults to a very basic configuration. To extend
304 your site, you use "modules" and "themes". A module is a plugin that adds
305 functionality to Drupal, while a theme changes the look of your site. The core
306 of Drupal provides several optional modules and themes, and you can download
307 more at http://drupal.org/project/modules and http://drupal.org/project/themes
309 Do not mix downloaded or custom modules and themes with Drupal's core modules
310 and themes. Drupal's modules and themes are located in the top-level modules and
311 themes directories, while the modules and themes you add to Drupal are normally
312 placed in the sites/all/modules and sites/all/themes directories. If you run a
313 multisite installation, you can also place modules and themes in the
314 site-specific directories -- see the Multisite Configuration section, below.
316 Never edit Drupal's core modules and themes; instead, use the hooks available in
317 the Drupal API. To modify the behavior of Drupal, develop a module as described
318 at http://drupal.org/developing/modules. To modify the look of Drupal, create a
319 subtheme as described at http://drupal.org/node/225125, or a completely new
320 theme as described at http://drupal.org/documentation/theme
322 MULTISITE CONFIGURATION
323 -----------------------
325 A single Drupal installation can host several Drupal-powered sites, each with
326 its own individual configuration.
328 Additional site configurations are created in subdirectories within the 'sites'
329 directory. Each subdirectory must have a 'settings.php' file, which specifies
330 the configuration settings. The easiest way to create additional sites is to
331 copy the 'default' directory and modify the 'settings.php' file as appropriate.
332 The new directory name is constructed from the site's URL. The configuration for
333 www.example.com could be in 'sites/example.com/settings.php' (note that 'www.'
334 should be omitted if users can access your site at http://example.com/).
336 Sites do not have to have a different domain. You can also use subdomains and
337 subdirectories for Drupal sites. For example, example.com, sub.example.com, and
338 sub.example.com/site3 can all be defined as independent Drupal sites. The setup
339 for a configuration such as this would look like the following:
341 sites/default/settings.php
342 sites/example.com/settings.php
343 sites/sub.example.com/settings.php
344 sites/sub.example.com.site3/settings.php
346 When searching for a site configuration (for example www.sub.example.com/site3),
347 Drupal will search for configuration files in the following order, using the
348 first configuration it finds:
350 sites/www.sub.example.com.site3/settings.php
351 sites/sub.example.com.site3/settings.php
352 sites/example.com.site3/settings.php
353 sites/www.sub.example.com/settings.php
354 sites/sub.example.com/settings.php
355 sites/example.com/settings.php
356 sites/default/settings.php
358 If you are installing on a non-standard port, the port number is treated as the
359 deepest subdomain. For example: http://www.example.com:8080/ could be loaded
360 from sites/8080.www.example.com/. The port number will be removed according to
361 the pattern above if no port-specific configuration is found, just like a real
364 Each site configuration can have its own site-specific modules and themes in
365 addition to those installed in the standard 'modules' and 'themes' directories.
366 To use site-specific modules or themes, simply create a 'modules' or 'themes'
367 directory within the site configuration directory. For example, if
368 sub.example.com has a custom theme and a custom module that should not be
369 accessible to other sites, the setup would look like this:
371 sites/sub.example.com/
374 modules/custom_module
376 NOTE: for more information about multiple virtual hosts or the configuration
377 settings, consult http://drupal.org/getting-started/6/install/multi-site
379 For more information on configuring Drupal's file system path in a multisite
380 configuration, see step 6 above.
385 - See the Drupal.org online documentation:
386 http://drupal.org/documentation
388 - For a list of security announcements, see the "Security advisories" page at
389 http://drupal.org/security (available as an RSS feed). This page also
390 describes how to subscribe to these announcements via e-mail.
392 - For information about the Drupal security process, or to find out how to
393 report a potential security issue to the Drupal security team, see the
394 "Security team" page at http://drupal.org/security-team
396 - For information about the wide range of available support options, visit
397 http://drupal.org and click on Community and Support in the top or bottom